Creative Art Therapy on Schizophrenia | Literature Review

Creative Art Therapy on Schizophrenia Literature ReviewCHAPTER IIREVIEW OF LITERATUREA literature check is an account of what has been published on a topic by accredited scholars and researchers. As a piece of writing, the literature follow must be define by a guiding concept. It is not just a descriptive list of the material available, or a set of summaries. (Dena taylor-2010).A literature review is a text written by someone to consider the critical points of current noesis including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a p prowessicular topic.Review of literature is a written summary of the state of an contrivance on a research problem. It helps the researcher to familiarize themselves with the knowledge base. It includes the activities involved in identifying and searching comprehensive picture of a state of knowledge on that topic (Polit and Hungler, 1995).The review of literature has been exposit under the spare-time activity he adingsSECTION A Studies related to schizophreniaSECTION B Studies related to Creative Art TherapySECTION C Studies related to Creative Art Therapy on schizophreniaSECTION A STUDIES related TO SCHIZOPHRENIAAn observational learn was conducted to assess the effectiveness of clozapine in the treatment of resistant schizophrenia in Beijing, China. Twenty two patients with treatment of resistant schizophrenia were selected for the understand by use randomized consume technique. This samples were assessed by using the positivist and negative syndrome denture for schizophrenia. The results showed that 60% of the theme participants responded to clozapine therapy during the observation period. The researcher concluded that clozapine has therapeutic strength in treatment of resistant schizophrenia. (Xiang,Y. T, 2009).A descriptive study was conducted to assess the importance of genetic factors in men with early onset of schizophrenia in Surat, India. A bestow sample of 40 male schi zoid patients with clinical onset before the age of 25 years were selected by using convenience sample distribution technique. Samples were assessed by using structured questionnaire. The results showed that one of the elicit of 12(30%) patients had the history of schizophrenia. The researcher concluded that the genetic causes are more important in the etiology of schizophrenia. (Mukesh Patel, 2009).A descriptive study was conducted to assess the side do of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. A total no.of 1493 schizophrenic patients were recruited at 57 United states sites by using convenience sampling technique. They were evaluated using the positive and negative syndrome photographic plate for schizophrenia. The result showed that olanzapine was associated with more discontinuation for weighter from Decatur gain or metabolic effects and perphenazine was associated with more discontinuation due to the presence of extra pyramidal effects. The researcher concluded that majority of patients discontinued the medicines owing to inefficacy or intolerable side effects or for other reasons. (Lieberman,J.A, 2005).A descriptive study was conducted to assess the tie-in in the midst of violence and schizophrenia in Mullen, Australia. A total no.of 40 patients were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Patients were assessed by using structured questionnaire. Research shows that violence is a result of comorbid substance abuse or psychotic symptoms. The result showed that most studies conform the association between violence and schizophrenia. The researcher concluded that the proportion of violent crime in society attributable to schizophrenia falls below 10 %. ( Walsh,E. 1997).A preliminary study was conducted to assess the effect of psycho education program on self efficacy of schizophrenic patients utilizing the psychiatric day care. A total no.of 33 schizophrenic patients utilizing the psychiatric day care were selected by con venience sampling technique for this study. Generalized Self ability Scale (GSE Scale) was used for the valuation 1 month before intervention, immediately before intervention and after the completion of intervention. He has incorporated the social skills training into psycho education. The results showed that Self Efficacy score changed significantly between immediately before and after completion of the intervention. The investigators concluded that the psycho education was effective in increasing the self efficacy among schizophrenic patients. (Yamaji ,2005).An explorative study was conducted to assess the lookal impairments and social disabilities among schizophrenic patients. A total no of 520 patients from seven countries were participated in the study. Disability assessment scale and Psychological impairments assessment scale were used to for this study. The results showed that there is an impairment in sexual relationship, workplace, self care and also in social roles. Neg ative symptoms such as inactivity, loss of interest, initiative and poverty of speech also present in the patients. (WHO, 2000).A descriptive study was conducted by Schizophrenia Research radix and Madras Medical College to assess the prevalence of schizophrenia in Tamil Nadu. two airfields Chintadripet and Triplicane were chosen for the study and door to door survey technique was adopted. The Indian psychiatric survey schedule and present state examination schedule was used for assessing the prevalence of the schizophrenia. The study was concluded that the prevalence rate of schizophrenia was highest in the area and a higher rate have seen in males and in age throng of 15 45 years respectively. The higher prevalence rates were shown in slum areas, those living alone, in those with no schooling, in Christian communities and in the unemployed group. (Padmavathi, 1998).SECTION B STUDIES RELATED TO CREATIVE ART THERAPYAn observational study was conducted on the effectiveness of Creative Art Therapy on the treatment of aggression in Netherland. A total no.of 100 samples were selected by using convenience sampling technique. They were used the structured questionnaire in this study. The results showed that expressing aggression with help of art material safely helps to explore ones aggression. The researcher concluded that art therapy is an effectual modality to suppress the anger that explodes in uncontrolled destructive aggression. (Henk, 2006).An interventional study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Creative Art Therapy in reducing anxiety and caution in hospitalized children in Punjab, India. Samples of 22 children in the age group of 3-10 years were selected by using the convenience sampling technique. Creative Art therapy intervention was condition 60 minutes for seven days. The Beck misgiving Inventory Scale was used to measure the anxiety of the samples. The result shows that there was a significant difference between pre test (22%) an d post test (11%) scores of anxiety. So the researcher concluded that the creative art therapy is effective in reducing fear and and anxiety among hospitalized children. (Hamre.H,J, 2006).An data-based study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of creative art therapy with incarcerated women who have experienced the death of a loved one. A total no.of 7 samples were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Semi structured interview was conducted before the study. One hour Creative Art Therapy sessions were offered to eight incarcerated bereaved women for a period of eight weeks. After two weeks after treatment, a 45-minute interview provided to the women with the opportunity to describe their personal experiences and responses in regard to the Creative art Therapy sessions. Result shown that seven women described positive outcomes following the Creative Art Therapy intervention and they had an opportunity to express their feelings. (Horn et al., 2004)An experimental stud y was conducted on the effectiveness of Creative Art Therapy and cognitive doings therapy with sexually abused children. A total no.of 120 samples were selected in the age group between 8-11 years by using purposive sampling technique. Two group research design were used by dividing the group into two groups, 60 children in each group. Therapy sessions were held once a week for 12 weeks. Symptoms were assessed with hurt symptom checklist for children. The result showed that there is a significant decrement in symptoms comm exactly associated with sexual abuse who had been received creative art therapy than cognitive behavior therapy. (Pifalo. T, 2002).An experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of creative art therapy on self esteem and anxiety of nursing home elderly residents. Quasi experimental research design was used. A total no.of 20 older adult psychiatric patients were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The state trait Anxiety Inventory Sca le and Beck Depression Inventory were used to assess the anxiety and depression. Creative art therapy intervention was given three days per week for quartette regular weeks. The result indicated that the creative art therapy improved the level of self esteem and reduced the anxiety and depression of older adults. (Henry, L. 1997).SECTION C STUDIES RELATED TO CREATIVE ART THERAPY ON SCHIZOPHRENIAAn experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of creative art therapy as an adjunctive treatment for patients with schizophrenia in London. A total no.of 43 participants were selected by using randomized sampling technique. Symptoms were assessed with the help of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Allocated participants were offered with activity three sessions a week for 90 minutes per day and the duration for an average of 2 months. The result indicated that Creative Art Therapy produced statistically significant positive effect on negative symptoms. (Philrichardson, 20 07).An experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of creative art therapy among schizophrenic patients. quantityly 45 participants were selected by using convenience sampling technique. Twenty sessions of creative art therapy have given for the selected samples. Symptoms assessed before and after the intervention by using positive and negative syndrome scale. The result showed that improved mental health especially reduction in negative and general symptoms in schizophrenia. (Crawford, 2007).An experimental study was conducted to assess the effects of Creative Art Therapy among schizophrenic patients and their relatives on symptoms, personal and social skills. Total no.of 9 patients and 7 patients relatives included in this study. Totally 17 sessions of Creative Art Therapy intervention were given for the patients and relatives for 30 minutes duration. Participants were assessed by using Positive and Negative Syndrome scale. Whereas all participants relatives were assessed through Beck Depression Inventory Scale. The results showed that creative art therapy can reduce negative symptoms, particularly social performance and depressive symptoms of schizophrenia in which antipsychotics are not helpful. (Anadolu, 2013).A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Creative Art Therapy in acute schizophrenic patients in Berlin, Germany. A total no.of 60 samples were included in this study by using convenience sampling technique. Creative Art herapy have been given to the experimental group for 45 minutes daily for two weeks period. Before and after the study researcher were applied PANSS to all participants. The result shows that significant changes in negative symptoms and only mild effect on positive symptoms. So the researcher concluded that Creative art therapy is more effective on negative symptoms of schizophrenia. ( Dannecker, 2012).An experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Creative Art Therapy as an adjunct ive treatment for people with schizophrenia in United Kingdom. A total no.of 417 samples were selected by using convenience sampling technique for the study. Group creative art therapy was delivered by the researcher for 90 minutes duration per day for two weeks. Before and after the study researcher were assessed by using PANSS to all participants. The result shows that some improvement in primary outcomes of participants. So the researcher concluded that creative art therapy can improve global functioning and reduction of symptoms in schizophrenia. (Crawford, 2012).

Safeguards and Policies to Protect Children from Harm

Safeguards and Policies to Protect Children from HarmProtecting children from harmWhen children are attending give lessons, their parents and carers expect them to be learning and make whoopieing their day in a unspoiled and fasten environment. The Health and Safety at work Act 1974 has been put into place to ensure the environment the children work in is adept and well maintained and safe for children to move around in. The environment in which the children and adults are working within should be safe and clean, and both equipment and resources that are being used by the children should be safe and in good working condition to ensure they are protected from any harm. Children should be able to learn in a safe environment and being able to learn and thrive to their full potential without the essays of illness or injury. Safeguarding is not just about protecting children from harm it alike includes issues such the pastime.Childrens health and synthetic rubberBullyingRacist abuseHarassment and discriminationUse of physical interventionMeeting the ask of children with medical checkup conditionsProviding first aidDrug and substance misuseInternet safetySafeguarding children is the responsibility of all school staff parts and governors. They should do the following to protect children from harm. grant an environment where children feel secure, are encouraged to talk and are listened toEnsure children come through that there are adults in school who they can approach with any concernsProvide information that enables children to develop the skills they need to recognise how to stay safe and free from harmChildren should be able to feel safe and secure in the school range. Staff should receive the sufficient training relating to safeguarding children and should identify mutual oppositions of abuse in order to protect the child from any harm. Children who are protected enjoy and thrive at what they like to do best and this motivates them and gives them a self belief of all the things they enjoy. Children who are not protected in the school setting lack self esteem issues and this would also withdraw a negative impact on their development.Safe guards have been put into place to ensure the following.Protects children and unexampled people from harm and abuseEnables staff to know what to do if they are worriedShows that the group is responsible and has pride in its workPrevents children from under growingBuilds children self esteem and self beliefBuilds confidence in the childGives the opportunity for the child to enjoy childhood and have no worries that they should not haveGives them a good start to lifePrevents them from being under bad influence that could cause long term effectsReferences/bibliographywww.gov.ukwww.safeguardingchildren(3.4) Policies and ProceduresIn a school environment there are a range of policies and procedures in place to protect the children and the adults who are working at the school. Policies and proce dures are important in schools because they religious service to ensure that staff and children know what is expected of them, they would receive fair treatment and enjoy the safest conditions possible. Safety in schools is reveal assured when clear policies and procedures exist. Everyone works better when there are rules that are understood clearly. Policies and procedures set out the rules that must be followed and if not followed there would be consequences. Children behave and perform better when they know the guidelines and when teachers are consistent with enforcing the rules. Some of the procedures set in a school are.Safeguarding and welfare of children indemnitySafeguarding and school security proceduresStatutory school policiesSchool health and safety proceduresSchool improvement policiesSchool support and healthy lifestyle policiesGeneral school policiesSpecial educational needs policiesSchool premises policieseducational policies are rules that are used in schools to effectively and efficiently teach children and keep them safe. Policies and procedures enable schools to make good decisions that optimise well being. Schools do this by the following.Involving children in school decision making about governance and policyInvolving children and parents in the regular review of school policies and procedures and the determination of computer use, class and resort area rulesEncouraging children to take active steps in tackling bullying, prejudice and other demeanours that have a negative impact on wellbeingAligning policy and curriculum References/bibliographywww.safenetwork.org.uk(3.5) Reporting poor figureWhen working with children it is very important that any concerns regarding poor practice are reported. Also to ensure those whos behaviour is causing concern is reported to protect those who have reported the concern are protected. Reporting concerns about poor practice is very serious and needs to be dealt with as soon as possible. Within the s chool setting there exit be procedures put into place for reporting concerns. When discussing poor practice with the manager poor practice should be accurately identified and if possible, include dates, times and situations when the issue spendred. It is essential to provide as much information as possible. Whistleblowers are protected by law as long as certain criteria are met. The types of sound blowing eligible for protection (called qualifying disclosures), they include when soulfulness reports the following.That individuals health and safety is in dangerDamage to the environmentA criminal offenceThat the company is not obeying the lawThat someone is covering up wrongdoingWhistleblowers are protected by law as long as they believe that what they are doing is right and that it is in the humankind interest. The human resource department allow for usually play a large role in ensuring that the correct procedures are followed. The human resources department impart provide information on the employees rights, including their right to representation.If a young person or adult has concerns, it is important that they are able to report them to someone at the school. It is therefore important that the school know how to respond, and who will do this. Once a concern has been reported, it is important that appropriate action be taken. It will not be the schools responsibility to decide if action needs to be taken, unless a child is at immediate risk of harm. It is save the schools responsibility to respect the concerns appropriately in accordance with the policies, procedures and systems that have been put into place.When someone is reporting their concerns the following should be used to help the situation.Stay stabilizeReassure the person reporting their concerns that they have done the right thing in telling youKeep an open mindListen carefully to what is give tongue to and take them seriouslyExplain that the information would have to be shared with others and do not promise to keep secrets.Child abuse can and does occur inside and outside the family environment. It is not always easy for teachers to identify where abuse has occurred. However, all teachers working with children have a duty of care to be wakeful and respond appropriately to suspicions of poor practice, abuse or bullying.Whistle blowing is the process of disclosing wrong doing. Within the school setting this may mean exposing a member of staff to poor practice or behaviour. This could be a member of staff bullying a pupil or a colleague. The way a worker can blow the whistle on wrong doing depends on whether they feel they can tell their employer. A worker cannot be dismissed because of whistle blowing. If they are, they can claim unfair dismissal they will be protected by law as long as certain criteria are met. The following people are protected.EmployeesA agency workerPeople that are training with an employerSelf employed workersWork in a schoolA worker will be eligible for protection ifThey honestly think what theyre reporting is trueThey think they are telling the right personThey believe that their disclosure is in the public interestReference/bibliographywww.whistleblowing.ukwww.gov.uk(3.6) Protecting yourself during everyday practiceIn the school setting there are dissimilar policies and procedures in place which support assistants must adhere to in order to protect themselves. The safeguarding if children are usually covered within the induction programme and this will inform teaching assistants of the roles and responsibilities with regard to children and how teaching assistants can be protected against unwanted allegations. Policies within the school setting should be followed to protect you from harm. This includes health and safety policies for example, not standing on the tables to pin a poster on the wall. If an incident is witnessed by another member of staff, they should be asked to document what they have witnessed, sign and date it as evidenceWhen a school trip has been arranged, the teacher and support assistant will usually carry out a risk assessment to ensure that the venue is safe for the class to anticipate. They will usually need to do the following.Ensure the risk assessments are completed and when appropriate individual safety plans and safe working practicesSupport the governing body in any decision on approvalAssign competent staff to snuff it and help with tripsVerify that all accompanying adults have been CRB checkedMake sure that all consent and medical forms are obtainedKeep records of understands and provide later visit evaluation to aid future visitsAll relevant risk assessments must be carried out by the teacher before any proposed visit or activity takes place. Key issues from the risk assessment or safe working procedures completed for the trip must be communicated to all adults before the visit commences. Risk assessments must also be completed for the transport. When hiri ng a coach or minibus drivers of the transport must have received training within the last four years. The risk assessments are completed to ensure the safety of the teachers and children and are covered if anything does go wrong (insurance).References/bibliographywww.gov.uk

Fight Club :: Fight Club Tyler Durdens

Fight ClubBefore the bank clerk actually meets Tyler, he sees him in brief, one-frame flashes, representing Tylers development in his mind. Below is a list of these looks. - Tyler is stand up in front of the copier at the Narrators company, as the Narrator says, Everything is a copy of a copy of a copy. - When the Narrator goes to the fasten for his insomnia, Tyler appears as the doctor tells him to go to the testicular cancer support group. As the doctor says, Thats pain, Tyler is standing just over his shoulder, laughing. - At the support group, when the leader says really open ourselves up, Tyler is smirking and magnetic inclination against him with his arm around him. - After the Narrator confronts Marla and is watching her walk away, Tyler appears in his line of vision, smoking.- In the Pressman Hotel welcome video, Tyler is the waiter on the far right. (Thanks to Caite) This appearance isnt actually subliminal. The Narrator, as Tyler, really did work at the Pressman Hotel , so he would have appeared in the video.- Tyler is riding down an escalator as the Narrator is riding up in an airport. Nick writes, In the beginning there are quick flashes of Tyler in the back ground. I counted 3 of them in opposite times. Later in the movie they explained the projectionist job that Tyler had and how he put pornographic garments in family movies. Do you think those two things have anything in common? I hadnt really thought about this before, but its a good point. The characters are aware that they are in the movie (Tylers references to flashback humor, etc.), and Tyler DID splice a porn clip in at the end, so its very likely that he put himself in as well. Kevin asks, ...what are your thoughts on why the bullet killed Tyler but non the Narrator? My own theory is that Tyler was destroyed because the Narrator hit bottom when he was so unafraid of death that he was able to put a gun in his mouth and pull the trigger. The Narrator no longer needed Tyler because he had hit bottom, and he had become Tyler. Cramer replies, I disagree on this point. Tylers presence isnt completely gone. While the main internal conflict of the Narrator may have been how to mesh Tylers and his own personalities together into a single individual, I believe that the reoccuring thesis of Its only after youve lost everything that youre free to do anything, can explain that Tyler (the rebel, the nonconformist) is not dead.

Are Zoos Inhumane? Essays -- Animal Cruelty

In the film, Madagascar, zoos atomic number 18 depicted as a sanctuary in which both the exotic animals be kept safe and are open for the public to view. But many would beg that zoos are inhumane, the caging of animals for our personal entertainment is unjustifiable. Those who believe that zoos are wrong and should be destroyed are animal rights activist they believe that animals should be allowed to choose their own destiny. Those that believe that zoos are an all-important(prenominal) part of our lives are scientist and zoologist. This debate has gone on for generations and average folk are stuck in the middle, not knowing which side to stand on. The animals being kept in incarceration could not be interviewed their side of the story will be based on interpretation on their movement and interaction with animals in the zoo and in the wild. Are animals better suited to live in the harsh conditions of the wild or are they better suited to live their lives safely in immurement? M any animal rights activist argue that animals should be allowed to live their lives in the wild instead of captivity. That we as humans have no right to neither alter the fate of other species nor use them for our personal benefits. PETA who is well known for their animal rights view argue that Captive animals are deprived of everything that is natural and important to them and as a result, they become bored and lonely and many even suffer from a condition called zoochosis. (PETA 1) Zoochosis is a condition in which the animal wonders top and forth usually in the same position for hours on end. This condition is only seen in the zoos as a result of the animals captivity. As a result zoos provide these animals with Prozac, which is a mood-altering drug to help prevent public atte... ... in todays society. But one thing is for sure many would argue that zoos have brought humans and animals closer together for the good and the bad.Works CitedZoos. brute Cruelty -. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 2 May 2015. Lin, Doris. Emaciated Asian Elephant Started Life at Busch Gardens. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 May 2015. Kaufman, Leslie. To Save Some Species, Zoos Must Let Others Die. The New York Times. The New York Times, 27 May 2012. Web. 12 May 2015. Do We Need Zoos? An All Creatures Animal Rights Article. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2015. CSA - Are Zoos Necessary. CSA - Are Zoos Necessary. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2015. Hone, Dave. Why Zoos Are Good. Thegauardian. N.p., n.d. Web. Tuesday 19 August 2014 How Zoos Are Saving Our Animals. Features ABC Environment (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). N.p., n.d. Web. 03 May 2015.

Aristotle and John Wesley: On Being Truly Human :: Essays Papers

Aristotle and fanny Wesley On Being Truly HumanMany ideas presented by John Wesley are similar to those presented by Aristotle. These similarities become apparent in various areas, especially in the idea that each person has potential that dissolve be actualized. Be suffice these similarities are apparent, the thoughts of Aristotle whoremaster easily be employed to assist in recording many of Wesleys thoughts. Specifically, the discussion of virtue presented in Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics can assist superstar in understanding Wesleys ideas of affections and tempers, the transit of Christian perfection, means of grace, and the importance of community.AristotleBefore moving on to discuss the similarities between the thought of John Wesley and of Aristotle, it is essential to understand many basic Aristotelian concepts. Prevalent in many of his works, Aristotle discusses how objective lenss can change. In the Metaphysics and On the Soul, Aristotle presents his idea of th e four causes, including material cause, stiff cause, efficient cause, and net cause (Robinson 15-22). Employing the illustration of a potter molding a trunk mug, the material cause is the clay, the basic matter that is the subject of the change. As the clay undergoes the process of being molded, it is being made into a specific shape that has specific functions. This shape and function is called the melodic line or formal cause of the object. In this case, the clay is changing into the form of a mug that is purposed to hold liquids. It should be noted that material is never without form. Before the clay was changed into the form of a mug, it was in the form of a lump of clay that has its own specified function. Each time matter undergoes change there is an agentive role responsible for the process. The agent is the efficient cause. In this case, the potter is responsible for transforming the clay matter into the mug form. The final cause, or the end, occurs when the m atter is made into a particular form. Although every object has many median(a) ends, all these ends lead to a single last-ditch end. The mug, for instance, can be used as a paperweight or as a decoration, but the net end that is suitable for the mug form is to be an object that holds liquid. The process of an object functioning appropriately to its form, which is the actualization of its potential, is aimed at attaining this ultimate end.Aristotle and John Wesley On Being Truly Human Essays PapersAristotle and John Wesley On Being Truly HumanMany ideas presented by John Wesley are similar to those presented by Aristotle. These similarities become apparent in various areas, especially in the idea that each person has potential that can be actualized. Because these similarities are apparent, the thoughts of Aristotle can easily be employed to assist in understanding many of Wesleys thoughts. Specifically, the discussion of virtue presented in Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics can assist one in understanding Wesleys ideas of affections and tempers, the process of Christian perfection, means of grace, and the importance of community.AristotleBefore moving on to discuss the similarities between the thought of John Wesley and of Aristotle, it is essential to understand many basic Aristotelian concepts. Prevalent in many of his works, Aristotle discusses how objects can change. In the Metaphysics and On the Soul, Aristotle presents his idea of the four causes, including material cause, formal cause, efficient cause, and final cause (Robinson 15-22). Employing the illustration of a potter molding a clay mug, the material cause is the clay, the basic matter that is the subject of the change. As the clay undergoes the process of being molded, it is being made into a specific shape that has specific functions. This shape and function is called the form or formal cause of the object. In this case, the clay is changing into the form of a mug that is purposed to hold liquids. It should be noted that material is never without form. Before the clay was changed into the form of a mug, it was in the form of a lump of clay that has its own specified function. Each time matter undergoes change there is an agent responsible for the process. The agent is the efficient cause. In this case, the potter is responsible for transforming the clay matter into the mug form. The final cause, or the end, occurs when the matter is made into a particular form. Although every object has many intermediate ends, all these ends lead to a single ultimate end. The mug, for instance, can be used as a paperweight or as a decoration, but the ultimate end that is suitable for the mug form is to be an object that holds liquid. The process of an object functioning appropriately to its form, which is the actualization of its potential, is aimed at attaining this ultimate end.

Blind Faith and False Belief: An Examination of the Development of The

The purpose of this paper is to closely examine the effects of children with internal profound visual impairment (CPVI) and a possible correlation to the delay in the development of theory of mind (ToM). Specifically, this paper will compare a study that investigated how visual cues bushel the development of ToM to a similarly themed episode from the popular television show Xena Warrior Princess. On the surface these two groups whitethorn appear to be an odd comparison, for children with CPVI and Xena seem like they have nothing in common. However, there is one episode in particular entitled unreasoning Faith, in which these two worlds collide in a unique and surprising way proving and interesting parallel and additional insight into how blindness may affect the development of the theory of mind. In the article entitled, An investigation of first-order false belief rationality of children with congenital profound visual impairment, a detailed look at the development of ToM was p erformed. Theory of mind (ToM) is defined as the ability to impute noetic states to others and to take care and predict behavior in terms of those mental states (Green 1). In order to examine ToM, the study performed a series of false belief tests. False belief can also be explained as error which connected to false reasoning. In the case of the children in this study, the false belief would be if they can correctly identify how another person would respond to a specific task, if that person had limited information that the children were previously made privy too. These tests are important because, as they article explains the testing false belief is the some direct way to access if a person has a fully developed theory of mind (Dennett c... ...ere is a correlation between blindness and a delay to the development ToM. Whether its Xena or children with congenital profound visual impairment its obvious that visual cues are significant when trying to interpret the actions o f others. Xena, like the children in the study, was forced to rely on other senses to compensate for the lack of visual cues, which is important because without them children are at a disadvantage to understanding the greater world around them. Works CitedBlind Faith. Xena Warrior Princess. Created by Rob Tapert and Sam Raimi. Perf. Lucy Lawless, Renee OConnor. USA Network. April 17, 1997.Green, Sarah, Linda Pring, and John Swettenham. An Investigation of First-order False Belief correspondence of Children with Congenital Profound Visual Impairment. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22.1 (2004) 1-17.

The Boeing Company :: PEST SWOT marketing strategy

CONTENTS1. caller OVERVIEWp.3 to 4Companys vision, mission statement and objectives Visionp.3Boeing- Airbus market share ..p.42.SITUATION ANALYSIS.p. 5 to 10PEST analysis..p.5SWOT analysis p.7Boeing Corporate Culture...p.103.THE BOEING COMPANY MARKETING POLICYp.11 to 30Segmentation....p.11Boeings Positioning and Targeting strategy..p.12Buyer behaviour......p.15Pricing strategy in the Boeing-Airbus duopoly . p.16Analysis of Major Customers...p.18Description of Products and Services...p.20The life cycle of Boeings commercial airplanesp.23Boeings dialogue Policy.p.24Public Relations ..p.27Distribution policy...p.284.PROCUREMENT AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT .p.31 to 34Brief overview of Boeings procurement activity ...p.31e-procurement ..p.32Recommendations....p.345. equivalence WITH AIRBUS .p.35 to 37Airbus S.A.S brief overview ..p.35Reasons behind the Duopoly ...p.35Comparison of both Boeing and Airbus strategies.....p.36Latest commercial disputes ..p.366.ATTACK AND DEFEND STRATEGIES . p.38Attack strategy ..p.38Defend strategy .....p.387.RECOMMENDATIONS .p.398.APPENDIXES.p.41 to 451.COMPANY OVERVIEWCompanys vision, mission statement and objectives VisionVisionPeople working together as one global company for aerospace leadershipBoeing- The prospective of flight.MissionTo be the number one aerospace company in the world and among the premier industrial concerns in terms of quality, profitability and growthObjectivesTo achieve the above goals and fulfil Boeings mission, the following objectives will guide companyContinuous improvements in quality of products and processesOur committedness to steady, long-term improvement in our products and processes is the cornerstone of our contrast strategy. To achieve this objective, we must work to endlessly improve the overall quality of our design, manufacturing, administrative, and support organizations.A highly skilled and motivated workforceOur most weighty resource is our human resource the people who design and bui ld our products and service our customers. Given the right combination of skills, training, communications, environment, and leadership, we believe our employees will achieve the needed gains in productivity and quality to meet our goals.Capable and focused management To employ our technical and human resources with optimum efficiency, we must ensure that managers are carefully selected, appropriately trained, and work together to achieve our long-range goals.Technical excellenceIn a world of fast-challenging technology, we can only remain competitive by continuously refining and expanding our technical capability.Financial strengthThe high-risk, cyclical nature of our business demands a strong financial base. We must retain the capital resources to meet our true commitments and make substantial investments to develop new products and new technology for the future. This objective also requires contingency planning and control to ensure the company is not overextended should a seve re economic downturn occur the plan period.Commitment to integrityIntegrity, in the broadest sense, must pervade our actions in all relationships, including those with our customers, suppliers, and each other. This is a commitment to uncompromising values and conduct.