Muhamad Abdel Wahab Essay Example for Free

Muhamad Abdel Wahab EssayMohammad Abdel Wahab was born in 1907 and died in May 3, 1991. He was a prominent twentieth century Egyptian singer and composer born in Bab El Shriyah area of Cairo Egypt. He undisturbed 10 airs for Omm Katherm, the greatest Arab songstress in history. Mohammad Abdel is a legend to the vast majority of Arabic speaking people. Mohammad was a ren profess singer, composer and actor and who lasted in musical career for spanning seventy four (74) years. He had a fascinating voice and his melodies were of the classical poetry from the Arabs golden old age and that of their modern struggle against Western colonialism. done this composition he instilled in his listener a feeling of pride in their Arabics rich culture and heritage. Though Abdul Wahab is known for his music, he composed more than that he sang. Exploring the life of Abdul Wahab as a composer without referring to his songs or music and acting is inadequate for all of were a part of him and his many released songs and cinemas that afterward became hits were as a result of his creativity and talented mind. His enjoyed musical voice and the melodies were no doubt a product of his great composition.His songs were his own compositions and it is said that from his teens Mohammad had composed for himself and other leading Arab singers over 1800 romantic and flag-waving(prenominal) songs (Salloum. Habeeb). His composition had the Western taste due to his innovative nature of always thinking of new and let on ways to enrich the traditional songs. This is a factor that has contri scarceed to a great extent to the popularity and influence of his compositions among the youth, a reason that has made his compositions to maintain the lead in music industry up to date.In the mid-twenties Mohammad is said to have become a close friend of a well known poet, Ahmad Shawky who helped him surpass well in compositions and boost his talent as a composer. In the following years the compri seing watched Muhammad Abdul Waham climb the ladder to subsequently become a star and earned himself the title singer of princes When the Egyptian monarchy was overthrown in 1952 by young subject areaist army officers his perception of life changed drastically and radically.His songs which were purely his own compositions became more inspiring and more patriotic. He produced some of his finest practises which included The Eternal Nile, Damascus, heaven the musical scores for Egypts national anthem and the national anthems of Oman and the United Arab Republic. He composed political, national and Arab national songs Muhammad also composed more songs after 1933. His compositions underwent different stages of development due to the environment in which he lived.Muhammad as a person accepted the changes and that is why his music in great deals synthesized the deuce worlds (both Western world and Arab world). (Levinson. M. L, 1995) His music was at first traditional a thing that later changed to westernization after he underwent formal training in both Arabic and Western music. Among his early composition of song was the Goose Consul Operetta, based on a theme of Naguib El Rehani which became a great success.Later his movie composition introduced female artist such as Leila Murad a thing that may have been found awkward during the time. Muhamad Abdul Wahab in his own way was a revolutionary leader in some sorting of special way. His compositions featured large orchestras with a Western blend of instruments such as the guitar bass, accordion and later the organ and synthesizer. He also added new rhythmic formulas, including the tango, the mambo, samba and rumba, as well as the Arabic oriental rhythms, maqsoum and baladi in his compositions.(The story behind the stomp) In the 1960s Abdul Wahab composed songs for other singers such Om Koulthom. He released Omri a recording that later became Egypts all time best seller. In the 1970s he started fading from the public though his music from his own compositions continued with the same energy and vigor but in 1988 when he was (81), he emerged again to the surprise of many with new composition of his own. Age to him was nothing, infact it gave him more reason to write and consequently more reason to live.In his life time Abdul Wahab was recognized for his discipline in his great compositions, music and movie industries and hence received a lot of awards. Suprisingly enough his melt down is still rated as one of the best to have ever come from an Arab world. (Levinson. M. L) He died at the age of ninety and Egypt country honored him with a huge military funeral at the Rabia-al-Aldawiya Mosque in Cairo. After his death, his work was covered in newspapers, radio and television ranging from his compositions of songs and movies.He was accorded the title The father of modern Arabic songs. He died in 1991 of heart failure he left a legacy nobody can fall in to forget especially in the world of modern A rabic music and melody. Up to until his death Mohammad sorts stay in his writings, writings that appealed to both the old and the young. He stole many hearts with his music and compositions and became a beloved figure. Although he is gone he speaks to us through his work Works Ci

Enron And The Decision Making Factor Essay Example for Free

Enron And The Decision Making Factor Essay entryway Students, analysts and critics of modern product line practice go step forward always exact the colossal Enron washout as an heavy text book causa close how a lot of different things inside the comp any jackpot trigger a securely all overnight downfall of a once prestigious fellowship. If there was any Cinderella story in the world of blue chip trading and high portfolio business, Enron was the ultimate opposite, if non the hagfish herself who was killed by her own lethal potion.The Enron collapse resulted in the formulating of more different opinions efflorescenceing to the many different accomplishable reasons why Enron with all the promise and potential that it has a few years forwards it went s divulgeh stumble the nosedive that make it one of the worst disasters in the history of trade, commerce and business. in that location is no uncertainness that some of the opinions that surfaced explaining th e reason why such an eventuality befell Enron placed the blame on the wrong things that the twinge management echelon did for the lodge they be after all the one which is trus tworthy for the present and the early of Enron. Critics feel at the Enron flagellation scrutinized what happened leading to the collapse using many different perspectives and considering many different circumstanceors, both in the professional cap strength of the companys leading as well as the encounter of the surrounding factors beyond Enrons control.One of the more or less important facets in the debate regarding the fall of Enron is last fashioning. Evidently, a lot of wrong ends were made, with one e genuinely wrong decisiveness acting as a building block that finally became an insurmountable wall of consequences all borne out of wrong or haywire finale reservation work ates that yielded results that did the company more harm than soundly.Indeed, the finale reservation linchpins sig nifi hatfult to the establishment of the case that the Enron collapse was due in some extent to the end fashioning aspect of the leadership strata of the company dejection be identified easily as it is scattered throughout the timeline of Enrons very near and non so distant past leading to the eventual fall of the company that hid behind the frontal of the building the ugliness created by the qualities of its leaders that caused the chaos that burned down Enron down to meager, worthless ashes.This publisher pull up stakes pick the significant arcseconds wherein the stopping point making capabilities and abilities of its exceed management leaders were at tactic and use these moments to establish the honourable and other considerations coming to play during the analysis of the termination making efforts of the leaders and why the outcome of such exercises led to the fall of Enron and not towards the companys betterment, which is the main business of the companys outgo executives.The motif will utilize these occasions to stress its argument regarding the authority of effective, ethical and sound decisiveness making of top executives leading to either the success or loser of companies, in this case that of Enron, and discuss key aspects of this line of thought. The paper will not criminalize the actions of the executives of Enron rather, it will infuse inputs from other professionals regarding important aspects in the discussion of corporate decision making ( morals, result-orientation, etc).Background respective(a) angles have already been explored by many different individuals every time the topic of analysis is Enron and its collapse. Because of this, the paper is moving to focus on an aspect that is focused more on Kenneth Lay and the rest of his top executive cliques psycheal characteristic that could have played an important role in the outcome of Enrons operation.Decision making is both a personal characteristic as it is a professional credential, even an asset. Some slew ar being paid handsome amounts of money for their ability to transform decision making moments into an opportunity that provides a positive result and pass judgment outcome for the company. Ehringer (1995) puts it barely The ability to make good decisions is the defining quality of our lives (Ehringer, 1995, p. 1).When Lay, Skilling, Fastow and other Enron bosses were placed in their respective positions, they were expected to exercise a high level of intuitiveness, business acumen and professional foresight so that every decision making opportunity is met with the companys best interest long term and before long term in mind. They were where they were because those who placed them there believed that they can make decisions to which the company can benefit from.When Enron collapse, many mickle and organizations criticized the questioned the decision making capabilities of the top executives was the collapse an effect of the result of the decision that they made? Was the decision made putting the benefit of the company and the employees first, or are the decisions shaped so that it benefited them first? How freehanded was the breach in the ethical considerations that a professional should take every time he or she makes a decision that puts the upcoming of the company on the line?These are just some of the questions that whitethorn also be present in the minds of those who followed the Enron case. Sure there were varying degrees of deception and fraudulent acts from the dissever of many select individuals who sinned against Enron and its employees, but these cases would have been minimized or even averted altogether if the important decision making privileges was limited to a select few, or if the futurity-altering decision making capability is disseminated largely among a huge group of good deal that can provide a check and balance system for Enron.Roberts (2004) explained that if it is executable for other s to make the decisions for a unit, then new options arise to design the decision-making process as well as the incentive schemes to get better performance on both dimensions. For example, the design might specify that a decision most a project arising in one unit that affects another would be use if and only if both units agree to it, (Roberts, 2004, p. 51). Enron is an energy trading firm which was performing well in the aboriginal part of its existence. By the start of the 21st century, the occupations that the bosses were trying to hide from the public and from the employees started to stank. Soon, events unfolded like dominoes move one after the other as a consequence of information spilling out into the publics attention.Before 2004, the public already had a clear idea active how Enron bosses were supposedly the one responsible for the defrauding of the employees and their company shares and other benefits, as well as the one responsible for the bankruptcy of Enron. One b y one, key company officials stepped out of the light and implicated a new name, which will in identification number implicate a much bigger name, until the dragnet sent out to see who was accountable for the fraudulent acts in Enron caught its top bosses, including Lay, Skilling and Fastow.Many individuals faced criminal charges, and many more simply went home not just jobless but are robbed of lifetime investments which Enron bosses manipulated and soon lost because of the wrong decisions they made on how to run the company and make it prosper and grow. Examples of how Enron management made wrong decisions during decision making moments break in the history of the company. Take for example what happened in 1987 instead of declaring the $190 million loss the company experienced, they concealed it instead, leading to criminal charges.This habit of Enron for opting to conceal losses instead of declaring it became a jeopardyous vice when Fastow was aboard Enron, the same outlook affected the decision making of Enron, leading to increase in longlegs of cases wherein Enron through its top management consciously made actions that defraud the employees and the public. There was also the case of execrable public relations by Enron which fanned the flames of panic that removed any possible opportunity for Enron to revivify the pecuniary situation without creating hysteria that saw many commonplaceholders selling their stocks due to the continued falling of the stock value of Enron.Statement of Problem The most important decision that Enrons executives faced was not the decision on whether or not to publicly announce about the bankruptcy in fact, there was no decision making factor during that instance since the predicament of the company has already been decided regardless of what the top executives might have opted for they were flat out broke and the public needs to go through about this, that was the situation.The unbent decision making moment for Enro ns bosses was the time when they were deciding what the best option to take is with regards to the financial aspect of the company, including taxes, earnings and financial loses. It was a content of facing a decision making task that provided the Enron bosses with two options to do the right thing, or to opt for something that is morally and ethically inappropriate.The decision reached in this particular proposition decision making instance was laced with the hope that the option they took would be free from serious repercussions and return them enough time to fix it all up again. Unfortunately for Enron, things did not work out as planned, and the criminal liability of the Enron bosses stemmed from the fact that they decided to do something which they consciously knew was detrimental to the benefit of the Enron company and its employees.During that particular instance, Lay could have opted to do the right thing and faced the consequences by coming clean, he may have a more sym pathetic public to support him in any(prenominal) efforts he may wish to undertake to revive Enron, and not be faced with the collapsing stock value since those who can sell theirs sell it in a frantic phase to rid themselves of the stock of the company which is nearing impendent bankruptcy. This showed how the people do not reserve second chances to those who squander their decision making privileges by making decisions bereft of the consideration of the good of the greater many.Decision making John Hintze (2006), in his discussion about making smart decisions during decision making, used the case of the Enron collapse to hand his discussion and establish the fact that problems are something that is foreseen, something that happened nonetheless owing to bounteous decision making. Hintze wrote, should we have seen 9/11 coming? What about the Enron collapse? The Signs were there people pointed them out, but the appropriate steps were not taken by those in a position to do someth ing.Why is this? Politics? Greed? Those certainly contributed, but there was something else at work here, too A failure of common sense in decision making (Hintze, 2006, p. 123). Enron foul decision making Nothing can prove more about how bad the decision making went inside Enron camp more convincingly than the fact the company transformed from prosperous to poor overnight. This was the widely distributed characteristic of Enron through the traits shown by its leaders that reflect the Enron personality.There were earlier discussions in the paper about snippets on instances pointing to Enrons penchant for making bad decision or for going to the resolving of a problem utilizing an option that is more questionable. Fox (2004) explained that Enron believed that its expansion into international projects were positive initiatives simply because they put the company in more potential markets. In truth, Enron made bad business decisions that werent supported by the deals economics.The ba d business decisions piled up, stretching from India to Brazil, pressuring the company to do something about its finances (Fox, 2004,p. 307). At least at this point, Fox is not pointing at the unethical aspect of the Enron decision making machinery, just the fact that they made decisions that were bad for the future of the company, but not to the extent of deliberately sabotaging the company or putting the company in danger with all cognize risk for personal gain. For Fox, it was a bad call plain and simple.But the matter of the fact is that not everyone sees it the way Fox does, and there are those who believe that there were ethical breaches in the decision making in Enron among its top bosses. The (absence of) Leaders in decision-making Decision making in retroactive is one of the common line of thinking used when investigating events that led to growth or debacle. It is because decision making played an important part in shaping the future of the company it is here where the foundation, or lack of it, was created via the decisions the bosses made or failed to make.To trace the problems or mark significant actions resulting from decision making which eventually resulted to either the success or failure of the company, it is not only the decision making events that are looked support to the persons that made them were also put under the microscope, and among the qualities scrutinized is their decision making ability and their other characteristics that affect their decision making attitude and behavior.Professionals debate about the idea of a good decision, a bad decision, good intentions and bad intentions and how the good and bad effect that comes into play afterwards account for the overall accountability of a person wielding the power to make decisions that will have a tremendous impact on the future of the company, something which happened in Enron via Lay, Skilling, Fastow and the rest of the top figures of the company.Acuff (2004) explains that if they make a decision that might not have been the decision I would have made, and they come and talk to me about it, we look at it and discuss it. There are a lot of different ways to skin the horse. I dont go expression my idea is the only one that will get you where you want to go. I hold people accountable for good decision-making. If a bad outcome results from a bad decision thats a problem. But if a bad outcome results from a reasonable decision, then thats business, and it could happen to anyone (Acuff, 2004, p. 87). This was the predicament of those who are trying to label the decision making actions of Enron top executives did they make decisions, even bad decisions with the sake of the company in mind, and gambled with their careers because they know that if their plans and actions go well, it is extremely beneficial for the company, in a very Machiavellian approach towards getting things through with(p) regardless of the means by which they did it, or were they just plain guilty of fraudulent actions?People who are burdened by the decision that impacts a lot of people is not always amenable to pickings the high and moral grounds, that is why the adage about the end justifying the means, about getting things done at what ever cost, about delivering against the odds became popular because of people like the Enron bosses who (probably) acted upon their decision making duties by risking what can be a popularly bad decision.Indeed, it may be easy or even at rest for most people adversely affected by the Enron collapse to attribute the colossal corporate debacle to the top management figures of the company by criticizing their decisions as well as their faculty for sound decision making. While it is true that Enrons top executives are responsible for the collapse of the company, it is not that easy to heartbeat the level of ethical decision making attributes of Enrons top brass.Goethals et al (2004) pointed out that the complexity associated with ethical decision making and behavior, especially as it applies to leadership and the workplace, makes the construct extremely difficult to research, adding that criterion an individuals level of ethical decision making is challenging, particularly because the measurement instruments that are for sale have problems with priming and social-desirability effects that is, questionnaires or other similar modes of data collection cue respondents to give answers that they believe are socially acceptable rather than answers that truly reflect their own actions or opinions (Goethals et. al. , 2004, p. 461). induction of which is the fact that all of these executives in question are career corporate leaders even before they joined Enron their credentials played an important role regarding their selection for a corporate position as high as theirs.Because of this, as well as the factors that affect the credibility of the ability for identification of the authoritative public pulse regardin g the persons involved in the issue, ethical decision making levels of the persons involved is hard to ascertain, making claims for questionable ethical decision making consideration of the people lose important ground and stalling on insufficient set of stable legs for proof and justification. Still, there are those who believe that the level of morals that influences the decision making capabilities of the Enron bosses are without a doubt questionable, and this includes Mimi Swartz and Sherron Watkins who was quoted in the book edited by Kathy Fitzpatrick and Carolyn B. Bronstein.In the article, it mentions about how Swartz and Watkins blame Ken Lay, former CEO of Enron, and other company executives for privileging greed and arrogance over ethical business decisions (Fitzpatrick and Bronstein, 2006, p. 79), the gist of the published work co-authored by the two individuals. Nalebuff and Ayres (2006) wrote that the problem often arises because people ignore the costs and benefits that their decisions have on other people. We call this approach Why dont you feel my anguish? The more technical term for these effects is externalities. Decision makers who ignore externalities are bound to make bad decisions (Nalebuff and Ayres, 2006, p. 67). This explanation greatly tarnishes the ethical value of the decision making ethics of Enron bosses because it shows that they are prone or inclined to make decisions even if the result of such decisions lead to negative effects that other people will experience.Niskanen (2005) believes that Lay, one of the top bosses of Enron, should be judged on the basis of his personal actions, directions to subordinates, or the actions of subordinates that he implicitly condoned by knowing about it without attempting to correct not on the basis of what he should have known (Niskanen, 2005, p. 6). Lays condoning of actions is a result of a personal and professional decision that he made or failed to make and because of that, Niskanen believes that Lay is answerable for any criminal charges that would result from that particular action (or inaction). Watkins was thinking of the company and its employees and their future and hers as well, when she made the decision to let her superiors, particularly Lay, know about the possible accounting problems and the making public of the current and real financial and trade status of the company. This clearly illustrates the difference in ethics when it comes to decision making.Decision making, ethics and public perception Decision making in business is not merely a power or a privilege that one can use at will without thinking of the consequences that might happen should the decision resulted into something that is considered as adversely negative and detrimental to the welfare of the employees, their jobs and the company they work for. Those who are provided with such amenity to go along with their job description should consider that it is also their responsibility to ma ke sure that their employees and subordinates do not think that they are squandering aside their decision making privilege and everything that goes along with it. This was the prevailing attitude or outlook of the Enron employees especially nearing the close collapse of the company. The absence of ethical consideration resulted to the losing of the credibility of the bosses of Enron because they were not careful with how they undertake their decision making tasks.While bankruptcy is something that is very difficult to accept and impacts greatly in the lives of the employees especially the rank and register blue collar workers, there is a sense of adding insult to injury during occasions wherein the employees are head start to realize that all of the unfortunate things that happen in the company and in their careers are all a result of the faulty, incompetent and unethical decision making of the top management echelon and not because the company was incapacitated in the onslaugh t of a devastating economic problem, like how companies closed down during the Great notion despite the efforts of American businessmen to keep the different industries alive and breathing.During the collapse of Enron, the US is experiencing a very stable economy far from that which characterized US economy during the Great Depression, and is shielded securely from the impact of whatever it was that was happening in the global economic and business landscape, and so during the Enron collapse, the collective finger was pointing an accusing force digit to Enron bosses and majority of the cause of their indignation originates from the sloppy decision making capabilities of Enron bosses who lost their credibility the moment they lost Enron. Brazelton and Ammons (2002) wrote in the book they co-wrote The Ethics Resource Center conducted a survey in 2000 in which it learned that 43 percent of respondents believed that their supervisors are generally poor examples of honest managers, and the same number were pressured to via media their own integrity or that of their organization during decision making.The survey also identified a sanitary connection between employees perceptions of their supervisors and their own ethical behavior (Brazelton and Ammons, 2002, p. 388). Enron decision making the two-pronged factors It can be pointed out that one of the problems that happened to Enron is the ineffective of decision making among top executives first, their top executives failed to make correct decisions when they are take to do so, and second, Enron was not fully complimented with a set of professionals which could have contributed to the decision making process, and in the process provided the possibility of infusing new or different ideas that could have altered the outcome of the decision making process.Fitzpatrick and Bronstein (2006) did not look exclusively on Enrons bosses and the decisions they made in the management of Enron and the companys money and as set, rather, the two editors focused on the absence of a key top management personnel and took the presence of such a forefend as a sign that Enron is not even prioritizing the welfare of the company and its employees. The book Ethics in Public Relations Responsible Advocacy, which includes the Enron case as one of the important case studies to point out the importance of the role of public relations, explains that perhaps the governance of these companies was such that they did not care about their publics, and did not want the advice of senior-level public relations officer playing an active or dominant role in organizational decision making (Fitzpatrick and Bronstein, 2006, pg 179).Conclusion Niskanen (2005) summed up the Enron case on its characteristic of thriving in bad decisions made by its corporate leaders by saying in the book that the most important lesson from the Enron collapse, however, is that Enron failed because of a combination of bad business decisions, not beca use its accounts were misleading adding that the major business decisions that most contributed to its collapse were a series of bad investments, most of which were in the traditional asset-rich industries the failure to reconcile two quite different business models and the decision to focus management objectives on reported revenues and earning rather than on the present value of future cash flows (Niskanen, 2005, p. 6).Are they poor in decision making, or was the decision making adversely affected by other concerns and priorities outside of Enron that the results of the decision made for Enron looks like those who made the call did not even think about how this course of action will affect Enron? There are no sufficient proofs to point that the case was the latter for a company that became seventh all in all in the Fortune 500 at least once, it is unthinkable how there will be conscious efforts to sink the company by making wrong decisions, deliberately or not.The point of the pap er is not the assertion of the guild of Skilling, Lay or even Fastow, its the establishing of the point that decision making, when not handled properly, can turn even the most profitable company into a nose-diving wreck in a short period of time, that decision making plays an important role in how a person defines his or her life and how he or she leads a company and that because of these factors, no one should have an beg off why decision making was taken lightly and without much thought or care. All the people can see is a group of people who made wrong decisions several times, the resulting web and how they got confine in that web, that is assuming that there was no malice or hidden agenda that the bosses perpetrated in property of Enrons collapse.In the end, only Lay (now deceased) and the elite circle of the Enron executive clique will be the ones who would really know about the truth regarding ethics and the decision making in Enron leading to the collapse of the company. M any would ask, and some would presume, the reasons as well as the level of guilt of these leaders when it comes to breaching the ethical requirements require when undertaking decision making for a company. Regardless, the decisions they made created far reaching ripples and altered the lives of many individuals who invested not just their time, strength and lifes savings into the company but as well as their but as well as their faith and trust, which are not in shattered pieces because of the bad decisions that Enron executives made.Crawford (2006) further detailed on the pointed by explaining that bad decisions by a major company, however, cause major disruptions for all of the companys stakeholders. He pointed at the case of Enron as one of his examples, saying that the Enron disaster, as one example, certainly had devastating impacts on the lives of most of Enron employees (including the middle managers and professionals who invested in the company-sponsored Enron 401K plans) and also caused suffering for many individual investors who purchased Enron stock on the open market. Thousands of other Enron stakeholders, including Enrons suppliers and customers, also suffered, (Crawford, 2006, p. 26). Indeed, Enrons decision making had a hand in how the company glowering out to be.

Personal goal and professional goal Essay Example for Free

Personal finish and professional goal EssaySubmit a statement that discusses your travel goals, as well as the factors that led you to give the Mid-Career MPA platform as a means of furthering your person-to-person and professional goals. Be as specific as possible in describing how your expected course of study will enable you to build on your preceding professional palpate and achieve these goals (750 word limit).Economic development and welfare of the people are the infixed rival with my personality traits from my childhood which in allowed me to choose the highest level of Federal Civil Service Examination of India and got selected in this merit based competitive examination. Candidates with different To get the blend of all the fields I was the circle monitor up to class 5th class president from 6th to 11th class to manners the weekly debates, secretary of the scientific society in college, in StudentsUnion at Indian naturalize of Mines, club secretary in Ordna nce Factory, and secretary, Residence Welfare Association. I was in national plebe Corps and Junior Red Cross Society. After completing the schooling and graduation with merit scholarships I joined Indian School of Mines, the premier Institute for Earth science for Masters in utilise Geology through national competition.Selected in National Education Test of UGC and with a scholarship from Council for Scientific and industrial Research I completed M. Phil. Initially, 12 years I drop seduceed in middle level management in various Defence production units mainly in the field of Administration, Industrial Relations, homosexual Resources, Estate and store. I got one year exposure in policy issues in Higher expert Education. As the operate of Coal Mines provident Fund Organization (CMPFO) for two years, I sought to advance the public service to benefit 7.5 lakh coal workers in the field of provident funds and pensions transport reforms in a mission mode.SAP ERP was implemented i n the organization which was first in govt. segment in India. A bench mark was created in engaging multiple Fund Managers leading to transparentness and fair competition. I had the exposure of Board level management in Mineral Exploration smoke limited, a pan India Company as Director. Four years under my leadership, as the country head of computerization at Employees Provident Fund Organization (EPFO), the organization transformed from manual environment to richly computerized system. All receipts and payments of PF and pension became online making the life of 50 million poor workers easy removing all paper returns. The interactions are now through web and SMS reducing the footfalls of workers and employers in EPFO offices.6 years, while on the job(p) with the Federal Ministers for weewee Resources, Rural Development and as the Director in coal ministry of Government of India, I have actively participated in development of macro level policies, its formulation and implementat ion.To name a a few(prenominal) are the National Water Policy, Land Use Policy for Inclusive Economic Development, Drinking Water and Sanitation, Corporate Social responsibility in coal sector, re-engagement of ex-service personnel in coal transportation, Poverty eradication through National Rural Employment Guaranty Act to meet the Millennium Development Goal, political platform were massive initiatives of the Government. I have played important role in the planning and monitoring of operation of such policy options. Additionally, I have been deeply engaged in my advisory role to the ministers to care for the political and other socio-economic development issues of the different political provinces of India.Now I am working in top level management of Ordnance Equipment Factory, a Defence production Unit of India. The Mason program is intended to provide the analytical and leadership skills to implement major social and economic change. It has the sessions on bonk sharing, stra tegic management, communication, and policy decision making.The curriculum also includes the applied economics, quantitative analysis, political psychiatric hospitals and globalisation. My extensive experience in multiple roles in different government departments of India will provide a good fit to contribute during the MPA program as a Mason Fellow. My in-depth knowledge in important streams of public work will further allow me to perform effectively during my academic work at Harvard. I have credible track record of having developed and fostered enhanced level of partnership and cooperation between the stakeholders engaged in the faster socio-economic growth of India. I have demonstrated leadership skills by initiating several joint institution development activities with government, which all will be honed through a formal exposure to a MPA programme at Harvard.I have dreamt and aspired lately to be a Mason Fellow and would accomplish my personal goals of doing public good with improved knowledge and competence. I seek to join a mid career management course in public administration to sharpen my ideas in consonance with the emerging National and International Economic Scenario. I strongly feel MPA under Mason Programme, would provide me this opportunity to go on my capacity and equip me with latest management techniques. As I grow in my career, I would be required to take more responsibility and be associated in major policy making issues in govt. in the country.

Measuring the acceleration due to gravity in the lab Essay Example for Free

Measuring the acceleration due to gravitational attraction in the lab EssayThe distance between the ceiling and the floor (h) was measured. A rubber was accordingly dropped from the ceiling and the era taken for it to hit the ground was recorded. Results Attempt duration Taken (sec) 1 0. 47 2 0. 45 3 0. 71 4 0. 55 5 0. 5 6 0. 71 7 0. 4 8 0. 46 9 0. 58 10 0. 56 Average Time = Sum of all times Number of Times = (0. 47+0. 45+0. 71+0. 55+0. 5+0. 71+0. 4+0. 46+0. 58+0. 56) 10 = 5. 85 10 = 0. 59 sec (to 2 dp) H = height of the drop T = time taken Acceleration due to gravity = 2H T2 =2(2. 59) 0. 592 = 5. 18 0. 3481 = 14. 88 m/s2 (to 2 dp) Evaluation The results circled in the table are anomalous.There was a liberal range of results, from 0. 4 to 0. 71. This spread of results indicates that the data may be in correct. Although the experiment was repeated nine times, distinguishable results were found at nearly every attempt. This could be due to the timing methods used. A stop me asure held by a person was used to measure the time the rubber took to hit the ground. As a humans reaction times are not perfect, the button could have been pressed long later on the rubber had touched the ground. Also, the timekeeper could have pressed the button too early at the time he expected the rubber to fall in order to try and get a more accurate time.As the area used was not a vacuum, air opposition would have moved(p) the results. The shape of the rubber dropped was a pyramid, so air resistance would be different dependant on the side upon which it was dropped. These reasons explain why some of the results were anomalous. I do not believe that the procedure was accurate enough to measure the acceleration due to gravity in the lab. The timing apparatus was too general and the air resistance due to the lack of a vacuum meant that the data was not as guide as was needed.A more suitable set of timing equipment would have been to replace the stop clock with a light-gate and data-logger. A light gate would be positioned at the top of the drop, with one at the bottom. The ready reckoner would then calculate the time taken much more accurately. The air resistance could not be helped, as a vacuum would be highly impractical and unnecessary for our purposes. However, if it were possible, the experiment should have been performed in a complete vacuum. If a perfectly spherical determination were used then the air resistance wouldnt be different no matter how it was dropped.The experiment should be repeated in exactly the self homogeneous(prenominal) fashion as before, but with the changes outlined above implemented. This would give more accurate results. It should then be repeated in the same way as this, but with a denser object of the same dimensions. This would guide that the acceleration was due to gravity and not the mass of the object. One more experiment should be undertaken with the same stipulations but an increased dropping height. This wou ld show that the acceleration is the same no matter how high the object is dropped from.

Capital Budgeting Essay Example for Free

Capital Budgeting EssayIntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to analyze and check the answers of the Capital Budgeting Case. I volition discuss my recommendation about which Corporation and investor should acquire found on the quantitative reasoning. I also testament describe the relationship between the net present quantify and the internal step of return for the two corporations that are analyzed.Capital Budgeting CaseA company is preparedness in acquiring a new corporation and there are two options with the same equal of $250,000 but both with different 5-year cast offions of cash flows. The evaluation done to the two corporations (A and B) is based on the moolah Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR).The net present value represents the value the project or investment channels to the investor wealth. The NPV method of majuscule budgeting suggests that all projects that have confirmatory NPV should be accepted because they would add value to the investment. On the other hand, the internal rate of return is defined as the discount rate that equates the present value of a projects cash inflows to its outflows. According to the internal rate of return method of capital budgeting, the investment should be accepted if their IRR is greater than the cost of capital.The provides for Corporation A shows a NPV of $20,979.20 based on discount rate of 10%. And, we got an IRR of 13.05% which means that is the discount rate that makes the NPV equal or close to $0.00. On the other hand, the Corporation B with a discount rate of 11% got a NPV of $40,251.47 and an IRR of 16.94%. A positive NPV is considered a good project, and we want to choose the one with the highest NPV.Therefore, I would recommend acquiring the Company B because it has a higher(prenominal) NPV than the other company. Corporation B will be giving us a current value cash return of $40,251.47 above our 11% required rate of return during the future(a) 5 years. And, i f we recalculate the NPV using the IRR of 16.94% it will result on an NPV close to $0.00.The relationship between NPV and IRR is based on the discount rate used to bring up the cash flows to the present. For the case of Company B, with the discount rate of 11%, if we have a NPV of $0.00, our IRR will also be 11%. But, if our NPV is higher than $0.00, our IRR will be also higher than 11%. And, if we have a negative NPV, then our IRR will be less than 11%. In other words, the NPV and the IRR most of the time yield the same result of acceptance or rejection.ConclusionIn conclusion, the best recommendation is to acquire Company B because it will give us higher current values during the first 5 years and higher returns of the investment.

Science Essay Essay Example for Free

acquaintance Essay Essay scholarship to me is every(prenominal)thing that surrounds us. Its to discover information ab divulge this domain of a function we live in, study this information, and use it however we depart a process that has started long, long ago, and lead continue in generations to come. Everything in our world that we use somehow or someway was made by knowledge. It started with discovering something new then study what it puke be capable of. See where this new founded information can be fit into use. Science was used to render something new. In this day and age science has taken us to an entirely new place. From better batteries, to faster computers, to better gas mileage, there has just been a huge breakthrough in science. It is both chemistry and physics. In science of chemistry there is discovering elements and exploitation these elements in chemical bonding. For physics, there are already discovered laws, and properties such discoveries as gravity , motion, force, speed, velocity, acceleration, etc. Science redden branches off as far as the universe and its discoveries. Whether the discovery is 200 years old, c years old or present, its science nonetheless.Science is whole close to us, from the laptops we use to the simple machines we drive, something had to be discovered and study for us to able to use either. Maybe it was chemical combustion to get the energy from inunct so our cars can move, or even some physics to avail us understand how much energy we can save if we make something for aerodynamic. Science is to discover information roughly our natural world, and even just about space, to help us understand our existence.Science has helped to advance the lives of concourse approximately the world. Today, science has improved humans health and medicine to help people live longer, and help people live with diseases people had slight hope of living with a few decades ago, such as AIDS. spell our scientific a dvances continue, honest questions revoke about how science should advance, such as stem cell research.bloody shame Shelley, author of the novel Frankenstein, and Michael Bishop, who wrote the bind Enemies of Promise, have different catch up withs about how scientific knowledge affects humanity. bloody shame Shelley was born the daughter of feminist Mary Wollstonecraft and political theorist William matinee idolwin. While on vacation with her husband, she began to write the novel Frankenstein, about a scientist who created life. The scientists let out was Victor Frankenstein. In a selection from the novel, Frankenstein says The dissecting room and the slaughter-house furnished many of my materials and often did my human mortalality turn withloathing from my occupation, whilst, still urged on by eagerness which perpetually increased, I brought my work estimable to a conclusion (232).Frankenstein is drive backed because he must go to a slaughter-house to get parts for his cr eation. Frankensteins disgust shows how horrible and demoralizing his scientific endeavors are, and he continues his experiment despite the negative affect his experiment has on his health. He realizes the study to which you apply yourself has a tendency to weaken your affections, and to destroy your taste for those simple enjoyment in which no alloy can possibly mix, then that study is certainly unlawful, that is to say, non beseem the human mind (233). Frankenstein worked so hard to give life to his creation he thought of zip fastener else, and he was living his whole life to accomplish one goal. He realizes how much time he has been spending on his experiment and the effect his work is having on him, so he believes humans do non have the capacity to deal with work in this manner. Therefore, scientific experimentation is not outlay the negative effects the experiments have on the human mind.Eventually, Frankenstein accomplishes his goal, still his creation does not turn ou t like he expected. After giving his creation life, Frankenstein is horrified and leaves his home. Frankenstein concludes Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to be greater than his nature will allow (231). Frankenstein wanted to have the knowledge to create life, and when he final had the knowledge to create life, he did. After he created life, he was miserable. Therefore, humans cannot be God and create life because their nature will not allow them to be like God, and those who try to create life will be miserable, unlike those who do not seek dangerous knowledge.Michael Bishop is a professor of microbiology at the University of California, San Francisco. In his article Enemies of Promise he warns about the misconceptions people may have about scientific advances. Bishop states science has sounded the alarm abou t acid rain and its principal origins in automobile emissions, but our society has not found the political will top bridle the internal combustion locomotive (239). Science has helped to improve the quality of life of people by discovering the cause of acid rain is from car emissions, and the reduction of acid rain could resultfrom better emission standards. Science is not to blame for serving to create the internal combustion engine, but the lack of government funding to find separate essence to propel automobiles should be blamed. Bishop says Resistance to science is born of fear.Fear, in turn is bred by ignorance. And it is ignorance that is our deepest malady (241). flock fear science because they do not understand how science works, and the purpose of science is to better mankind, not to recombine DNA to create a deadly virus, or mutations. If people are educated, then they will have a better understanding of science, and will no longer fear science. Once all people under stand science, and no longer fear science, mankind can move towards new goals, and improve the lives of all people. When scientists perform experiments, the scientists are trying to solve the mystery of something they do not understand, such as stem cells.Bishop believes scientists take things apart in order to understand the whole, to solve the mystery an enterprise that we wishing as one of the great ennobling tasks of humankind (238). Scientists experiment to better understand the world around them, and all the things in the world, as well as the relationships between different parts of the world. Scientists do not take things apart just because they can, but scientists have a purpose for their actions. The experiments to understand the world around us, Bishop believes to be a noble task for mankind, and with scientific discoveries, our lives can be improved.Comparing the claims of both Mary Shelley and Michael Bishop, I find Bishops claims that science is good for mankind, to b e more persuasive than Mary Shelleys warning about the limitations of man and science. Bishop states Science has produced the vaccines required to control many childhood infections in the United States, but our realm has failed to deploy properly those vaccines (239). If mankind did not have the benefit of scientific knowledge, there would be no vaccine for illnesses such as small pox, or life threatening diseases. Humans have the ability to produce large amounts of vaccines beneficial to children in our country and other countries around the world. Science cannot pay for, and flounder vaccines for diseases throughout the world, but science is blamed because people inour world still suffer from curable diseases. Also, Bishop states that resistance to science is born of fear, which is the result of ignorance.When the University of California, San Francisco wanted to perform biomedical research in a residential area, which they have not been allowed to do, Bishop noted that another agitated citizen declared on television her outrage that those people are bringing DNA into my neighborhood (241). The person who stated that the University was bringing DNA into their neighborhood does not understand what DNA is. By making the statement about bringing DNA in their neighborhood, the person is opposing having DNA in her neighborhood compared to the Universitys encroachment into their neighborhood. If the person who made the statement were simply contrasted to the possibility of increased traffic in the neighborhood, then the person would have made that statement on television. The person made the statement about DNA instead, showing that they fear DNA because they do not want DNA in their neighborhood. Therefore, the opposition this person has to science stems from their misunderstanding of DNA. Bishop points out a doable reason for people not understanding science caused by a lack of education.Bishop states In a recent international testing, U.S. high school stude nts finished ninth in physics among the top dozen nations, eleventh in chemistry, and dead last in biology (241). If science is not learned by pupils in school, then the pupils will not understand science. Judging from the international testing, students in our country do not have an understanding of science, and the lack of understanding will breed ignorance, and will result in fear and resistance. Therefore, some people fear science because they were not properly educated when they were students and they do not understand how science can improve mankind as a whole. Bishop states The price of science seems large, but to reject science is to deny the future (242).Although science may not always give people one solid choice, and scientific endeavors may have ethical problems, we need to work out those ethical and moral dilemmas. Science will not go away, but will continue to explore the world around us. Science cannot be rejected because science will help to improve the quality of l ife, and rejecting science would result in the rejection of the improvement in quality of life. Otherevidence Bishop should have examined was the overall subside in respect for institutions by the public.Alan H. McGowan is a program director for the Public Understanding of Science and Technology, as well as the Directorate for Education and Human Resources at American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). McGowan states although there seems to have been a decrease in the respect the public has for scientists, this is part of a command trend of decreasing trust in institutions of all kinds. While Bishop has stated that people have been assail science, Bishop does not compare how much science is being attacked compared to other institutions, such as the press. If all other institutions are being attacked more fervently than science, then science is not in as hurtful a shape as Bishop believes science to be.Therefore, unless science is being attacked as much as every o ther institution, science is still be viewed by the public with more respect compared to the other institutions. While Mary Shelleys Frankenstein show the problems with mans thirst for knowledge, Michael Bishop puts science in a positive light, showing how science has help mankind. I believe Bishops claims about science to be more persuasive, and the positive effects of science to be well worth the effort of scientists. Although Bishops claims could have been improved with some more evidence about the publics view of science, science will continue to improve our lives.

Factors That Lead Youth To Join Gangs Essay Example for Free

Factors That Lead Y proscribedh To Join Gangs Essay early daysfulness emphasis in American society has escalated in an alarming rate. Violence in schools, spree killings, and risk taking behavior see to hurl become more commonplace than a decade ago. Most social scientists train pointed out that jejuneness military unit is directly related to later fell behavior, such that a child who has been open to violence early in life would seek violence or become involved in criminal activities.One of the most alarming social groups that perpetuate violence is street battalions, and the callowness ar generally drawn into these hoops. Gangs had existed since societies were formed and social norms and expectations were required of all divisions of society. Gangs were first formed as a social group espousing br otherwisehood and friendship, however, annuluss evolved to become anti-social groups involved in crimes such as drug trafficking, marketing and manufacturing, murder, assault, and riots. Since most gangs recruit adolescent members, it is important to understand what and why adolescents yoke gangs. This paper seeks to examine the factors that work the youths ending to join gangs.Background of the StudyThe marked accession in youth violence and delinquency was observed two decades ago, at which point membership in gangs had as well increased. Youth gangs were prevalent in large urban cities, save at its peak, it made its way make up to little cities and the more rural areas across the country. Researchers had found a link between the rises ofyouth gangs to youth violence because gang members comport access to guns and other weapons as compared to delinquents.Another factor considered in the rise of gangs and violence is the increase in drug trade in the area or locality, it is expected that those who deal unlawful drugs have guns, weapons, and have more tendency to commit violence. At present, the number of youth gangs in American societ y have continued to rise and gain more members.Youth gangs had existed even before American society had developed to what it is now, previously, youth gangs were organized in order to serve some social purpose, but with more tendencies for vandalism, fighting with other gangs and establishing their territories. Gangs had now become the epitome of what is anti-social behavior, thus, gangs are viewed as troublemakers, violent, illegal, unscrupulous, to be feared and excruciation to the parent who have lost a child to gangs.Many studies had been conducted to seek and understand the dynamics of gangs and gang membership, most had been suitable to identify the factors associated with gang membership and how gang members behave as well as their organizational structure. One thing is for sure, gangs are anything but simple, gangs have a complex organizational structure, and canvass gangs have not been conclusive to date.Gangs had been difficult to study and understand especially that mo re muckle and even the youth know that gangs are negatively perceived in society and that it can be serious to join gangs. The difficulty lies in the lack of consensus among investigateers and the public as to what is a gang and how it is different from other social groups.Loosely defined, youth gangs is an organization with a set of leaders and members thatare engaged in criminal acts, on the other hand, motorcycle gangs, prison gangs and hate gangs are more hard core, have more structure and hierarchy and are different from youth gangs. Moreover, gangs are more likely to be composed of males rather than pistillates, but there has been a marked increase in the number of female gangs and female members.The relationship between membership in youth gangs and later criminal behavior had been espoused by a number of researchers and studies. Thus, it would follow that gang membership may predict violent behavior and criminal behavior. At this point, understanding why adolescents want to join youth gangs would friend police, parents, schools and the public to make break out decisions and provide programs that would keep the youth from joining gangs. This study hopes to explore and understand the factors that influence the youths decision to become a member of a youth gang.Problem StatementThis study seeks to explore and understand the factors that contribute to the adolescents desire to join a gang. It is a reality that beingness a member of a youth gang is risky and disadvantageous in the sense that wholeness is more likely to engage in criminal behavior, more likely to be involved in illegal activities and more likely to be caught and imprisoned. Nevertheless, youth gangs still enjoy the popularity and social status that they have in our society. More and more teenagers become gang members wherein they learn anti-social behaviors that only place them at risk. delinquent to the presence of youth gangs and the increasing membership of the said gangs, there ha s been a marked increase in violent crimes and criminal acts in almost allcities in the country. This social problem have contributed to the increase in the number of convicted juvenile delinquents, the increase in high school drop out range and even the violence that occurs in our schools.If the youth focus only on what is essential, and that is to go to school, learn the skills that would help them become productive members of society and to serve as examples for the younger generation, then our society would be in a check position than it is now. If the youth today stay away from gangs, ultimately, gangs would die and end its being because there are no members to sustain it.By studying the factors that lead teenagers to join gangs, we would be in a better position to provide programs and information that would keep them from joining gangs hence, we would have a better society, a more positive, creative, and promising youth and less crimes, delinquency and violence.This study s pecifically aims to answer the research question What factors lead the youth to seek membership in gangs? In order to answer the primary(prenominal) research question, the study also seeks to determine the followingWho is the typical gang member? What are his/her personalized characteristics, educational accomplishment, and interests?When and how does a person become a gang member?What factors predispose the youth to join gangs?What factors influence the youth to join gangs?Purpose and Objectives of the StudyThis study seeks to explore and determine the factors that lead the youth to join gangs. At the outset, this study is not one-dimensional it takes into account that therecould be a infinite of factors that engage the youth to become gang members. Thus, this study was designed to provide answers to the following questionsWho is the typical gang member? What are his/her personal characteristics, educational attainment, and interests?When and how does a person become a gang mem ber?What factors predispose the youth to join gangs?What factors influence the youth to join gangs?Just as some people are drawn to gangs, there are also those who do not want to become a member of any gang, thus in order to sufficiently answer the main research question, it is also important that the personal characteristics of the gang member should be examined. By knowing the personal characteristics, educational attainment and interest of the gang members, we would be able to identify who among the youth are drawn to gangs and thus, we could provide interventions or prevention strategies targeted at the said persons to keep them from joining gangs.Knowing what goes on in gangs and how individuals are recruited and the march in which members are accepted into gangs will provide answers to the question of what is in gangs that make them attractive to the youth of today. Understanding what attracts them to join gangs also enables us to provide a more specific intervention dodge or campaign that would help individuals become prey to gangs.The term predispose means the propensity or likelihood of joining gangs, in this question, it is desired that the family set-up, academic performance, social skills and needs of the youth are examined and whether this contributes to the decision to joingroups. This question can be answered by individuals who have not yet officially get together any gang but desires to become part of a gang, as such we would be able to identify what mitigating factors increase the likelihood of joining gangs.The last question is designed to identify the factors that lead the youth to join gangs. As such, the individuals are asked to specify the factors whether it be personal social, educational, economic or psychological that have influenced their decision to join gangs. This question can be adequately answered by individuals who are already gang members.