Physiological Aids in sport Essay

Physiological back up atomic number 18 prohibited substances and methods that jockstraps expend within competition and training to improve their work outance. Physiological aids argon employ in sport as they garter an supporters performance. near aids friend to augment heart rate, epinephrine rate and disturb the tree trunk just other aids depress the heart rate and change the ontogeny of musclemans and b wizards.Sport is suppose to benefactor us learn from defeat and victory, encourage us to participate in team sports, encourage a spirit of co-operation, and interdependence, and mainly encouraging clean-living and social values. It as well means that an individual individual piece of ass lede a healthy lifestyle while performing and also dower the individual to crop closely a healthy, integrated society. on that point are many influences on medicine use, the media, the money their performance cigaret drive in, the sponsorship and many other critical fact ors in an supporters career. There freighter be no justification for athletes to cheat in enunciate to win or that the pressures and temptations are all the same for the athletes.Most athletes one shot to do mediciness be arrest of pressure, it all comes down to pressure really but some savour greed and wealth.The main reasons are usuallyWinning mass bring millions of dollars in sponsorship and endorsementSociety places great emphasis on mastery in sport, which puts much pressure on an athlete to win nearly banned drugs puke speed reco truly from injury, which means athletes fundament be back training, competing and winning more quicklySome athletes believe their competitors are using drugs and that to be competitive, they need to take drugs as wellSome athletes desire to win is so great that they are allowing to use any means, including cheating to gain successSome coaches may publicize drug use to enhance their athletes chances of winning, which boosts their profile as a successful coach.Prohibited physiological aidsanabolic agents- thither are two types of these agents- thither is anabolic androgenic steroids and beta -2 agonists.Anabolic androgenic steroids are substances that contain anabolic and androgenic properties. The anabolic properties help to attach the growth of the muscles and bones. The androgenic properties help the males productive system, helping to release more runosterone. Anabolic steroids are apply to increment the strength of an athlete and also their muscle size, they also help to lower the time the ashes takes to recover after exercise. So because of this the athletes train harder and for longstanding the extra training gives them an advantage over other athletes.This drug can cause many physical problems like heart problems, liver damage, jaundice, euphoria and there are also mental cause like supposition swings, improved self esteem, depression and aggression. Male athletes can suffer from personal cause like baldness, the development of breast tissue and sluice up infertility. Female athletes can suffer from effects like menstrual problems, foetal damage, clitoral blowup, change magnitude facial and ashes hair and also a permanent intensify off the voice. They can be finded by using shove off chromatography in an athletes urine. beta -2 agonists are unremarkably apply medically to treat asthma, therefore when they are taken they can increase lean muscle mass and also help to reduce body fat. The slope effects of beta -2 agonists are dizziness, muscle cramps, headaches, palpitations and some nausea. Beta -2 can also be detected through with(predicate) the urine. This drug is one of many that are banned but in some forms this drug can be taken but save for medical reasons and that will not give unfair advantages to the performer.DiureticsThis type of drug helps an athlete with a authorized weight category in sport, it helps the body to let more urine so the body weight can drop significantly so they fall into a certain category. Such sports like judo, provide racing, and weightlifting, when these drugs are taken give the athlete an unfair chance of drubbing their competitor(s). These also help an athlete to reduce the chances of detection of other drugs by diluting their urine. The main side effect of diuretics is dehydration but they can also cause headaches and dizziness and a loss in coordination or balance.This drug is also detected within the urine. Before, during and after exercise, it is essential that sportsmen and women take in a consider fitting amount of fluid, this is because dehydration can occur resulting in other side effects and also excessive loss of water supply effects the heart and kidneys, they could fail which mean this could be fatal to the athlete.NarcoticsNarcotics help an athlete to push himself harder and further because his distress threshold is bigger, it helps him to continue exercise/ competing even when injury has occurred. Narcotics have similar effects to heroin or morphine. Narcotics are strong painkillers and they are usually competitors are tested for them when they compete. galore(postnominal) narcotics are illegal substances and not just in sport, these drugs are potentially addictive. Side effects from these drugs can seriously put an athletes performance in jeopardy because if the athlete continues to exercise, whilst injured it can cause further injury, even though narcotics stop the pain once they wear off the pain will be worse, like all other drugs they also cause loss of balance, lack of concentration, nausea and even vomiting, constipation and breathing/ respiratory problems. These drugs can become addictive. Detection of these drugs is also through the urine by gas chromatography.Peptide hormonesThere are many unlike substances within this social class of drugsChorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)Pituitary and unreal gonadotrophin (LH) adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH, tetra cosactide) addition endocrine gland (hGH)Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1)Erythropoietin (EPO)InsulinChorionic gonadotrophinChorionic gonadotrophin is a drug that when in a males body can help produce testosterone at a much speedyer rate, it is mainly used to scale effects of testicular damage and sometimes it is also used as a masking agent. This drug is normally produced during a pregnancy and increases pictorial male and female steroids. This drug can cause many side effects just like the effects of most other anabolic steroids but this can also cause gynaecomastia. Immunoessay is the only way to detect this drug and this drug is only prohibited in men.Pituitary and artificial gonadotrophinThe pituitary gland gland produces pituitary hormones, and the hormones released consist of many different types, including the leutinising hormone. Hormones act as messages from one organ to another(prenominal), these hormones stimulate growth, a persons sex drive, pain threshold and a p ersons behaviour. The leutinising hormone stimulates the males testis or the females ovaries. If used in a male this drug (also like hCG) helps to stimulate the production of testosterone, if used in a female this drug stimulates the ovaries. The synthetic gonadotrophin helps the body to regulate gonadotrophin production or use. This drug has no real side effect it depends on the drug used. An immunoessay test is the only way of detecting this drug as well, this is done through the urine. Both of these drugs are only prohibited in males.CorticotrophinCorticotrophin is a drug that helps to increase the levels of endogenous corticosteroids (cortisone) in the gunstock. This drug is normally used as an anti-inflammatory drug. This drug has many side effects both long and short term ones. The short-term side effects are ulcers of the stomach or stomach irritation and even mental effects like irritability. The long-term effects of this drug are debilitative of muscles and connectiv e tissues of area of injured muscle, tendon or n ligament and even osteoporosis or cataracts.Corticosteroids, are drugs that are used for therapy or treatment of injuries, there usage is legal but only for these purposes.Blood doping Blood doping is a way an athlete removes blood from their bodies. An athlete will do this about a week or two prior to competition, and then they will replace it just before the competition. After the blood is taken the body has to replace the missing blood, the athlete will then replace the blood they have taken from their own body resulting in the body having additional blood. The additional blood results in additional haemoglobin and therefore a greater ability for oxygen uptake. Many things can go ill-use with this method, un-sterile needles can be used, the blood is not stored correctly or another persons blood can be accidentally used. Athletes can receive AIDS/HIV hepatitis and many other diseases. If their blood is not stored right then that c an have major effects on the body and if the blood used is different to their blood group the body will reject this blood causing more problems in the body.Growth Hormone (hGH)The growth hormone is a hormone that is also released from the pituitary gland and is necessary for the growth of bones and muscles and also for the growth of children. The growth hormone is used by athletes to increase their muscle mass size and also their strength. This drug can cause the overgrowth of body move much(prenominal) as hands, feet, the face and it can also cause prosperous tissue swelling and change magnitude sweating. The most fatal effect of this drug is it causes heart disease.Insulin- like Growth Factor (IGF-1)This type of drug is lots used to increase protein synthesis and reduce muscle cell sectionalization in the body. When the muscle cell breakdown occurs it leads to an increase in muscle bulk and helps to reduce body fat. This drug also occurs naturally from a mothers milk. The si de effects of IGF-1 are headaches, joint pains, and enlargement of internal organs, changes in musculoskeletal shape and size e.g. enlargement of the jaw, hypoglycemia (which is low sugar in the body) and also acromegaly (which is the overgrowth of certain organs like the feet, face and hands). Muscles also become stronger from this drug but taking this drug also results in the muscles getting weaker because of degenerative changes in the joints.Erythropoietin (rhEPO)Erythropoietin is a drug that helps to increase the production of red blood cells in the body. When the red blood cell amount increases the amount of oxygen able to be carried around the body increases meaning the muscles gain more oxygen, this helps the athletes performance. When the drug increases the production of red blood cells it also increases the guess of the blood clotting because it is thicker. This is very dangerous for athletes that perform endurance events because their blood is much thicker due to dehydra tion.InsulinThis drug is normally used to treat diabetes it increases the amount of sugar in the body and also increases the metabolism of foods. If this drug is used alongside other drugs like anabolic steroids and clenbuterol it can increase muscle growth and increase muscle definition. But these drugs used together can cause severe side effects and even death. Insulin can also cause hypoglycaemia, this causes shaking of the body, drowsiness, increases in respiratory rate, weakness, it can also cause the body to be comatose, it can cause intelligence damage and can also cause death.StimulantsStimulants are usually only tested for in competition circumstances, but in some causes the drug can be tested for in other sports. Stimulants consist of substances such as amphetamines, caffeine (prohibited in large concentrations) and a number of the restless ingredients in cold and flu preparations (i.e. pseudoephedrine). The side effects of stimulants include an increased heartbeat and can have an impact on the bodys natural ability to regulate its temperature. Stimulants are used to reduce tiredness, increase their alertness and arousal levels and also to boost their confidence.Sports such as endurance, fast moving sports and contact sports are the main events in which this type of drug is used. Stimulants can cause many risks to the body, it can cause possible check and even death, it increases the blood pressure, and makes the athlete dehydrated and can cause hypothermia. The athlete can also become dependant on this drug, appetite can be lost and the person can also become very anxious and aggressive.